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AI and neuroscience: shared ideas: the 16 most written about

Neural network, Reinforcement learning, Brain–computer interface and 13 more, ranked by how much of the world has written about each one.

Entries
16
Photographed
4
Fetched
2026-09-26
Neural network
Neural network · Computational model used in machine learning · Dake , Mysid, CC BY 1.0

AI and neuroscience: shared ideas, ranked

Most written-about first. Each description summarises the idea's Wikipedia article, which its name links to.

  1. Neural network 1

    Neural network

    Computational model used in machine learning

    Also called an artificial neural network (ANN), or NN for short, a computational model of machine learning inspired by how biological neural networks are built and work.

    Wikidata · Photo: Dake , Mysid, CC BY 1.0

  2. 2

    Reinforcement learning

    Field of machine learning

    Often shortened to RL, the part of machine learning and optimal control concerned with how an intelligent agent should act in a changing environment to maximise a reward signal. With supervised and unsupervised learning, it is one of the three basic paradigms of machine learning.

    Wikidata

  3. Brain–computer interface 3

    Brain–computer interface

    Connection between brain and computer

    Sometimes called a brain–machine interface (BMI), a system (BCI) that measures brain activity and turns it into useful output, so that it can interact with an external or internal system, most often a robotic limb or a computer. BCIs are often meant to research, map, assist, augment or repair the cognitive or sensory-motor functions of humans.

    Wikidata · Photo: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/magazine/issues/summer07/articles/summer07pg20-21.html, Public domain

  4. Convolutional neural network 4

    Convolutional neural network

    Type of feedforward neural network

    A kind of feedforward neural network (CNN) that learns features by optimising filters. Networks of this deep-learning type have been used to process, and make predictions from, many kinds of data, audio, images and text among them.

    Wikidata · Photo: Aphex34, CC BY-SA 4.0

  5. 5

    Perceptron

    Algorithm for supervised learning of binary classifiers

    In machine learning, an algorithm that learns binary classifiers under supervision. Such a classifier is a function deciding whether an input, given as a vector of numbers, belongs to a particular class.

    Wikidata

  6. 6

    Hopfield network

    Form of artificial neural network

    A kind of recurrent neural network, which can also be seen as a spin glass system, able to act as content-addressable memory. Named after John Hopfield, it is a single layer of neurons, each connected to all the others but not to itself.

    Wikidata

  7. 7

    Connectionism

    Cognitive science approach

    An approach to studying cognition and human mental processes with mathematical models called artificial neural networks or connectionist networks.

    Wikidata

  8. 8

    Computational neuroscience

    Branch of neuroscience

    A branch of neuroscience that draws on mathematics, computer science, theory and abstract models of the brain to work out what governs how the nervous system develops, how it is built, how it functions physiologically and what cognitive abilities it has.

    Wikidata

  9. 9

    Blue Brain Project

    Swiss brain research initiative

    A former Swiss brain research initiative that aimed to build a digital reconstruction of the brain of a mouse. The Brain Mind Institute of the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), in Switzerland, founded it in May 2005.

    Wikidata

  10. 10

    Artificial neuron

    Mathematical function conceived as a crude model

    A mathematical function devised to model how a biological neuron behaves within a neural network; it is the basic unit of an artificial neural network.

    Wikidata

  11. 11

    Hebbian theory

    Neuroscientific theory

    A neuropsychological theory holding that synapses grow more effective when a presynaptic cell stimulates a postsynaptic cell repeatedly and persistently. It tries to explain synaptic plasticity, the way neurons adapt as learning happens.

    Wikidata

  12. 12

    Human Brain Project

    Scientific research project

    A former EU scientific research project (HBP), which lasted ten years, from 2013 to 2023, and had €1 billion to spend in total. With high-performance exascale supercomputers, it built infrastructure that helped researchers advance neuroscience, computing and medicine related to the brain.

    Wikidata

  13. 13

    Spiking neural network

    Artificial neural network that mimics neurons

    Abbreviated SNNs: artificial neural networks (ANN) that imitate natural ones, using the timing of discrete spikes as their main way of carrying information.

    Wikidata

  14. Biological neuron model 14

    Biological neuron model

    Mathematical descriptions of the properties of certain cells in the nervous system

    Also called spiking neuron models, mathematical descriptions of how neurons conduct electrical signals. Neurons are cells of the nervous system that are electrically excitable and can fire electric signals, action potentials, across a neural network.

    Wikidata · Photo: Spiking16, CC BY-SA 4.0

  15. 15

    Neuromorphic computing

    Integrated circuit technology

    An approach to computing inspired by how the human brain is built and how it works. It computes with artificial neurons, imitating neural systems for tasks such as multisensory integration, motor control and perception.

    Wikidata

  16. 16

    Exponential integrate-and-fire

    Spiking neuron model

    In biology, compact and computationally efficient nonlinear models of spiking neurons, with one or two variables. The model was first put forward as a one-dimensional model.

    Wikidata

How this list was made

Every Wikidata item that is a model of a neuron, a brain–computer interface, neuromorphic computing, or an idea Wikidata places both in neuroscience and in machine learning — or a kind of one of these, and that has its own English Wikipedia article, ranked by the number of Wikimedia sites with a page about it — Wikipedia's language editions, mostly, and sister projects such as Wikiquote. That counts how many communities independently thought it worth describing, and nobody can buy a place on it. The top 16 are shown.

Kept by hand

These belong on the list but Wikidata does not file them where the query looks:

  • Neural network — Began as a mathematical model of the brain's neurons; Wikidata files it under machine learning alone, so the query cannot reach it.
  • Perceptron — Frank Rosenblatt built it as a model of how the brain stores and recognises information; Wikidata files it as an algorithm, so the query cannot reach it.
  • Hopfield network — John Hopfield proposed it in 1982 as a model of associative memory; Wikidata files it as a recurrent neural network, so the query cannot reach it.
  • Spiking neural network — Its units communicate in spikes, as biological neurons do; Wikidata files it under artificial neural networks, so the query cannot reach it.
  • Connectionism — Explains the mind through networks of simple, neuron-like units; Wikidata files it under artificial intelligence, so the query cannot reach it.
  • Convolutional neural network — Its design was inspired by the organisation of the visual cortex; Wikidata files it under neural networks, so the query cannot reach it.
  • Reinforcement learning — Its reward-prediction error is also used to explain what dopamine neurons signal; Wikidata files it under machine learning, so the query cannot reach it.
  • Computational neuroscience — The field in which the models on this list are built; the query reads the models, not the field.
  • Blue Brain Project — A project to reconstruct and simulate the brain digitally; Wikidata files it as a supercomputer, so the query cannot reach it.
  • Human Brain Project — Joined neuroscience with computing, from brain simulation to neuromorphic hardware; Wikidata files it as a research project, so the query cannot reach it.

Fetched from Wikidata on 2026-09-26. Each description is this site's summary of the entry's Wikipedia article, which its name links to: the wording is ours, the facts are Wikipedia's, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. To correct an entry, correct it there; the next refresh carries the change.

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